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Energy Efficiency of Mixed Vehicles Influenced by the Driving Behavior and Traffic Signals
Ref: CISTER-TR-251002       Publication Date: 21, Oct, 2025

Abstract:
Vehicle driving behavior and traffic signal control operations influence energy consumption in road transportation. The former can be isolated, egoistic, or in groups or platoons. The latter determines how vehicles access intersections sequentially, parallelly, or synchronously. To optimize travel time and energy efficiency in mixed traffic involving autonomous vehicles powered by electricity and human-driven vehicles powered by gasoline, we introduce a framework called Software-Defined Intelligent Intersections (SDI). This framework leverages real-time traffic information to dynamically select the appropriate approach (synchronous or parallel) using a software-defined networking (SDN)-based controller. The comparison of the SDI2 framework with the synchronous approach shows a two-pronged improvement, reducing travel delays and minimizing energy waste. On the one hand, our proposed framework offers a significant reduction in waiting delays at intersections and travel delays of the road network with improvements of 79% and 47.45% over the synchronous approach. On the other hand, it also reduces the consumption of 0.27% electricity and 4.6% gasoline, as well as 8%PMx and 5.4%NOx emissions, respectively.

Radha Reddy

,

Shardul Lendve

,

Luís Almeida

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